HealthyPhase 1NCT00318318
Beneficial Effects of Oral Premarin Estrogen Replacement Therapy Assessed by Human Genome Array
A Phase 1 study testing Premarin in people with Healthy and Estrogen Replacement Therapy, run by London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's at 1 site in Canada.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to assess the immunological status of patients using Premarin. Premarin use is associated with an enhanced immune status, and possibly even some anti-cancer effect. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 35 to 95 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy, Estrogen Replacement Therapy
- What is being tested?
- Premarin
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteCanada
- Study dates
- Mar 2006to Feb 2007
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 35 to 95 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Women taking oral Premarin at least for the last month with no urogenital anatomical abnormalities.
- Women not taking HRT for at least one month with no urogenital anatomical abnormalities (controls).
Who cannot join
- Males.
- Subjects who are not menopausal.
- Less than 35 years of age.
- Subjects with recurrent sexually transmitted disease.
- Subjects with abnormal renal function (serum creatinine >110umol/l, upper limit 90umol/l) or pyelonephritis.
- Subjects receiving prednisone or immunosuppressive drugs,
Show all 13Show fewer
- Subjects who need to be treated for any urogenital infection or with any antimicrobial therapy.
- Personal history of known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia such as breast or endometrial cancer.
- Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding.
- Active hepatic dysfunction or disease, especially of the obstructive type.
- Active thrombophlebitis, thrombosis or thromboembolic disorders.
- Endometrial hyperplasia.
- Subjects on anticoagulants, antidiabetic and antihypertensive agents
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
The purpose of this study is to assess the immunological status of patients using Premarin. Premarin use is associated with an enhanced immune status, and possibly even some anti-cancer effect. The researchers will compare the use of Premarin with those not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to track the effects of Premarin in reducing the risk of infection and swelling.
Read the detailed description
In recent times, adverse publicity has affected the sales of hormone replacement therapies and the perception of women as to whether or not HRTs should be taken. While a number of brands are available, those from Wyeth are the market leaders. Previous studies by our group have shown an advantage of Premarin, a natural conjugated equine estrogen, in fostering recovery of the Lactobacillus flora in the vagina. These organisms have been shown to help protect the host from urinary and vaginal infections. In the present proposal, we aim to further examine the beneficial effects of Premarin through the use of a human genome array technology.
New microarrays allow measurements to be made of 38,000 or more gene expressions on a single sample. We have recently used an Affymetrix array to examine up and down regulation of vaginal genes from a healthy premenopausal woman before and after administration of a probiotic. Somewhat to our surprise, we noted that over 9,000 genes were expressed and major down regulation occurred in cancer and other genes such as inflammatory cytokines. This was especially interesting as it showed that vaginal treatment could influence genes associated with, for example, the intestine. The array provided data or relevance to estrogen replacement therapy, namely the ability to detect and examine changes in estrogen associated factors.
In short, this system can examine changes to inflammation and host defenses. Based upon the findings of Raz and others (1993), it is likely that Premarin down regulates inflammation, either directly or via an alteration of the vaginal environment resulting in restoration of lactobacilli. Another benefit of the restoration of lactobacilli is that these organisms have anti-cancer properties.
The increased prevalence after menopause of urogenital (bladder and vaginal) infections and complications can be counteracted to some extent by restoration of the normal vaginal microbiota. These infections are extremely common, and treatment with antibiotics and antifungals is compromised by rapid rises in drug resistance (up to 30% for fluoroquinolones in some countries and a doubling of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). BV has been associated with increased risk of preterm labour (McGregor et al. 1993; Hay et al. 1994; Chaim et al. 1997) and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV, herpes simplex virus, gonorrhea and Chlamydia (Sewankambo et al. 1997; Taha et al. 1998; Olinger et al. 1999; Wiesenfeld et al. 2003; Cherpes et al. 2003). Notably, 35-50% of patients and around 50% of UTI patients suffer a recurrence of infection within 3 months. Post-menopausal women have low levels of lactobacilli and high numbers of pathogens, while 100% of those receiving Premarin are colonized by lactobacilli (Burton et al. 2003; Devillard et al. 2004; Heinemann \& Reid, 2005).
- Conditions
- Healthy, Estrogen Replacement Therapy
- Being tested
- Premarin
- Keywords
- Premarin,, HRT,, RNA,, Gene Expression., Postmenopausal Women
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
PremarinDrug
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Human genome array
Secondary outcomes (1)
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Apr 2006 (estimated)
- Study startMar 2006
- Primary completionDec 2006
- Study completionFeb 2007
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (16)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph'sThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Investigators
- Gregor Reid, PhD, MBA, Principal investigator, Lawson Health Research Institute and The University of Western Ontario
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00318318
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- R-06-710
- Other IDs
- GR12198E
- Status last verified
- Jul 2009
- First submitted
- 24 Apr 2006
- Last updated
- 9 Jul 2009
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
Publications
McGregor JA, French JI, Seo K. Premature rupture of membranes and bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Aug;169(2 Pt 2):463-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90342-g.
PubMed 8357046Hay PE, Lamont RF, Taylor-Robinson D, Morgan DJ, Ison C, Pearson J. Abnormal bacterial colonisation of the genital tract and subsequent preterm delivery and late miscarriage. BMJ. 1994 Jan 29;308(6924):295-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.308.6924.295.
PubMed 8124116Chaim W, Mazor M, Leiberman JR. The relationship between bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth. A review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1997;259(2):51-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02505309.
PubMed 9059744Sewankambo N, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Paxton L, McNaim D, Wabwire-Mangen F, Serwadda D, Li C, Kiwanuka N, Hillier SL, Rabe L, Gaydos CA, Quinn TC, Konde-Lule J. HIV-1 infection associated with abnormal vaginal flora morphology and bacterial vaginosis. Lancet. 1997 Aug 23;350(9077):546-50. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)01063-5.
PubMed 9284776Taha TE, Gray RH, Kumwenda NI, Hoover DR, Mtimavalye LA, Liomba GN, Chiphangwi JD, Dallabetta GA, Miotti PG. HIV infection and disturbances of vaginal flora during pregnancy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1999 Jan 1;20(1):52-9. doi: 10.1097/00042560-199901010-00008.
PubMed 9928730Kalman S, Mitchell W, Marathe R, Lammel C, Fan J, Hyman RW, Olinger L, Grimwood J, Davis RW, Stephens RS. Comparative genomes of Chlamydia pneumoniae and C. trachomatis. Nat Genet. 1999 Apr;21(4):385-9. doi: 10.1038/7716.
PubMed 10192388Patrick DM, Dawar M, Cook DA, Krajden M, Ng HC, Rekart ML. Antenatal seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in Canadian women: HSV-2 prevalence increases throughout the reproductive years. Sex Transm Dis. 2001 Jul;28(7):424-8. doi: 10.1097/00007435-200107000-00011.
PubMed 11460028Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Krohn MA, Landers DV, Sweet RL. Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Mar 1;36(5):663-8. doi: 10.1086/367658. Epub 2003 Feb 7.
PubMed 12594649Cherpes TL, Meyn LA, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Risk factors for infection with herpes simplex virus type 2: role of smoking, douching, uncircumcised males, and vaginal flora. Sex Transm Dis. 2003 May;30(5):405-10. doi: 10.1097/00007435-200305000-00006.
PubMed 12916131Devillard E, Burton JP, Hammond JA, Lam D, Reid G. Novel insight into the vaginal microflora in postmenopausal women under hormone replacement therapy as analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2004 Nov 10;117(1):76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.02.001.
PubMed 15474249Burton JP, Reid G. Evaluation of the bacterial vaginal flora of 20 postmenopausal women by direct (Nugent score) and molecular (polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) techniques. J Infect Dis. 2002 Dec 15;186(12):1770-80. doi: 10.1086/345761. Epub 2002 Nov 22.
PubMed 12447763Heinemann C, Reid G. Vaginal microbial diversity among postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy. Can J Microbiol. 2005 Sep;51(9):777-81. doi: 10.1139/w05-070.
PubMed 16391657Notterman DA, Alon U, Sierk AJ, Levine AJ. Transcriptional gene expression profiles of colorectal adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and normal tissue examined by oligonucleotide arrays. Cancer Res. 2001 Apr 1;61(7):3124-30.
PubMed 11306497Habis AH, Vernon SD, Lee DR, Verma M, Unger ER. Molecular quality of exfoliated cervical cells: implications for molecular epidemiology and biomarker discovery. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Mar;13(3):492-6.
PubMed 15006929Chen B, Wen Y, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Warrington JA, Polan ML. Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in vaginal tissues from women with stress urinary incontinence compared with asymptomatic women. Hum Reprod. 2006 Jan;21(1):22-9. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dei276. Epub 2005 Aug 26.
PubMed 16126751
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 9 Jul 2009. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Beneficial Effects of Oral Premarin Estrogen Replacement Therapy Assessed by Human Genome Array
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00318318
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- R-06-710
- Conditions
- Healthy, Estrogen Replacement Therapy
- Keywords
- Premarin,, HRT,, RNA,, Gene Expression., Postmenopausal Women
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph'sUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- Mar 2006
- Primary completion
- Dec 2006 (actual)
- Study completion
- Feb 2007 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Apr 2006 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to assess the immunological status of patients using Premarin. Premarin use is associated with an enhanced immune status, and possibly even some anti-cancer effect. The researchers will compare the use of Premarin with those not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to track the effects of Premarin in reducing the risk of infection and swelling.
Detailed description
In recent times, adverse publicity has affected the sales of hormone replacement therapies and the perception of women as to whether or not HRTs should be taken. While a number of brands are available, those from Wyeth are the market leaders. Previous studies by our group have shown an advantage of Premarin, a natural conjugated equine estrogen, in fostering recovery of the Lactobacillus flora in the vagina. These organisms have been shown to help protect the host from urinary and vaginal infections. In the present proposal, we aim to further examine the beneficial effects of Premarin through the use of a human genome array technology.
New microarrays allow measurements to be made of 38,000 or more gene expressions on a single sample. We have recently used an Affymetrix array to examine up and down regulation of vaginal genes from a healthy premenopausal woman before and after administration of a probiotic. Somewhat to our surprise, we noted that over 9,000 genes were expressed and major down regulation occurred in cancer and other genes such as inflammatory cytokines. This was especially interesting as it showed that vaginal treatment could influence genes associated with, for example, the intestine. The array provided data or relevance to estrogen replacement therapy, namely the ability to detect and examine changes in estrogen associated factors.
In short, this system can examine changes to inflammation and host defenses. Based upon the findings of Raz and others (1993), it is likely that Premarin down regulates inflammation, either directly or via an alteration of the vaginal environment resulting in restoration of lactobacilli. Another benefit of the restoration of lactobacilli is that these organisms have anti-cancer properties.
The increased prevalence after menopause of urogenital (bladder and vaginal) infections and complications can be counteracted to some extent by restoration of the normal vaginal microbiota. These infections are extremely common, and treatment with antibiotics and antifungals is compromised by rapid rises in drug resistance (up to 30% for fluoroquinolones in some countries and a doubling of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). BV has been associated with increased risk of preterm labour (McGregor et al. 1993; Hay et al. 1994; Chaim et al. 1997) and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV, herpes simplex virus, gonorrhea and Chlamydia (Sewankambo et al. 1997; Taha et al. 1998; Olinger et al. 1999; Wiesenfeld et al. 2003; Cherpes et al. 2003). Notably, 35-50% of patients and around 50% of UTI patients suffer a recurrence of infection within 3 months. Post-menopausal women have low levels of lactobacilli and high numbers of pathogens, while 100% of those receiving Premarin are colonized by lactobacilli (Burton et al. 2003; Devillard et al. 2004; Heinemann \& Reid, 2005).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Diagnosis
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 35 to 95 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Women taking oral Premarin at least for the last month with no urogenital anatomical abnormalities.
- Women not taking HRT for at least one month with no urogenital anatomical abnormalities (controls).
Key exclusion criteria (13 listed)
- Males.
- Subjects who are not menopausal.
- Less than 35 years of age.
- Subjects with recurrent sexually transmitted disease.
- Subjects with abnormal renal function (serum creatinine >110umol/l, upper limit 90umol/l) or pyelonephritis.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Premarin | Drug | – |
Primary outcome
Human genome array
1 secondary outcome
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 9 Jul 2009.
- Background: PubMed 8357046McGregor JA, French JI, Seo K. Premature rupture of membranes and bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Aug;169(2 Pt 2):463-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90342-g.
- Background: PubMed 8124116Hay PE, Lamont RF, Taylor-Robinson D, Morgan DJ, Ison C, Pearson J. Abnormal bacterial colonisation of the genital tract and subsequent preterm delivery and late miscarriage. BMJ. 1994 Jan 29;308(6924):295-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.308.6924.295.
- Background: PubMed 9059744Chaim W, Mazor M, Leiberman JR. The relationship between bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth. A review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1997;259(2):51-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02505309.
- Background: PubMed 9284776Sewankambo N, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Paxton L, McNaim D, Wabwire-Mangen F, Serwadda D, Li C, Kiwanuka N, Hillier SL, Rabe L, Gaydos CA, Quinn TC, Konde-Lule J. HIV-1 infection associated with abnormal vaginal flora morphology and bacterial vaginosis. Lancet. 1997 Aug 23;350(9077):546-50. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)01063-5.
- Background: PubMed 9928730Taha TE, Gray RH, Kumwenda NI, Hoover DR, Mtimavalye LA, Liomba GN, Chiphangwi JD, Dallabetta GA, Miotti PG. HIV infection and disturbances of vaginal flora during pregnancy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1999 Jan 1;20(1):52-9. doi: 10.1097/00042560-199901010-00008.
- Background: PubMed 10192388Kalman S, Mitchell W, Marathe R, Lammel C, Fan J, Hyman RW, Olinger L, Grimwood J, Davis RW, Stephens RS. Comparative genomes of Chlamydia pneumoniae and C. trachomatis. Nat Genet. 1999 Apr;21(4):385-9. doi: 10.1038/7716.
- Background: PubMed 11460028Patrick DM, Dawar M, Cook DA, Krajden M, Ng HC, Rekart ML. Antenatal seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in Canadian women: HSV-2 prevalence increases throughout the reproductive years. Sex Transm Dis. 2001 Jul;28(7):424-8. doi: 10.1097/00007435-200107000-00011.
- Background: PubMed 12594649Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Krohn MA, Landers DV, Sweet RL. Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Mar 1;36(5):663-8. doi: 10.1086/367658. Epub 2003 Feb 7.
- Background: PubMed 12916131Cherpes TL, Meyn LA, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Risk factors for infection with herpes simplex virus type 2: role of smoking, douching, uncircumcised males, and vaginal flora. Sex Transm Dis. 2003 May;30(5):405-10. doi: 10.1097/00007435-200305000-00006.
- Background: PubMed 15474249Devillard E, Burton JP, Hammond JA, Lam D, Reid G. Novel insight into the vaginal microflora in postmenopausal women under hormone replacement therapy as analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2004 Nov 10;117(1):76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.02.001.
- Background: PubMed 12447763Burton JP, Reid G. Evaluation of the bacterial vaginal flora of 20 postmenopausal women by direct (Nugent score) and molecular (polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) techniques. J Infect Dis. 2002 Dec 15;186(12):1770-80. doi: 10.1086/345761. Epub 2002 Nov 22.
- Background: PubMed 16391657Heinemann C, Reid G. Vaginal microbial diversity among postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy. Can J Microbiol. 2005 Sep;51(9):777-81. doi: 10.1139/w05-070.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gregor Reid, PhD, MBA principal investigator
Lawson Health Research Institute and The University of Western Ontario
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1 study testing Premarin in people with Healthy and Estrogen Replacement Therapy, run by London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's at 1 site in Canada.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 13 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 9 Jul 2009. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Human genome array. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00318318, which also lists 16 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 9 Jul 2009.