HIV InfectionsPhase 1/2NCT00312091
Drug Levels of Tablet and Liquid Forms of Lamivudine, Nevirapine, and Stavudine in HIV Infected Thai Children
A Phase 1/2 study testing Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tablet, Lamivudine and Nevirapine in people with HIV Infections, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 4 sites in Thailand.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is to compare the blood levels, absorption, and breakdown of lamivudine (3TC), nevirapine (NVP), and stavudine (d4T) in a fixed-dose tablet to that of the individual liquid formulations of the same anti-HIV drugs in HIV infected Thai children. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 6 months to 13 years
- Conditions the study is for
- HIV Infections
- What is being tested?
- Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tablet, Lamivudine and Nevirapine
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 44 participants
- Where
- 4 sitesThailand
- Study dates
- Dec 2006to Sep 2008
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 6 months to 13 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- HIV infected
- On a highly active antiretroviral regimen (HAART) including NVP and 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and receiving a maintenance of NVP for at least 4 weeks prior to study entry and taking the current recommended oral dose every 12 hours
- Willing to swallow or chew study drugs
- Willing to be hospitalized for the 12 hour PK studies
- Willing to use acceptable forms of contraception
- Parent or guardian willing to provide informed consent
- Between 12 to 30 kg (26.5 to 66.1 lbs)
- Between 6 to 30 kg (13.2 to 66.1 lbs)
Who cannot join
- Certain abnormal laboratory values
- Require certain medications
- Grade 2 or greater vomiting within 30 days prior to study entry
- Grade 2 or greater diarrhea within 30 days prior to study entry
- History of immunological failure (CD4 percentage decrease of more than 30% within a 6-month period for children 6 years or younger OR CD4 cell count decrease of more than 30% within a 6-month period for children older than 6 years)
- Current treatment for acute serious bacterial, viral, or opportunistic infection
Show all 16Show fewer
- History of dose-limiting toxicity requiring treatment discontinuation of any of the study drugs
- Known hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs
- Current surgical or medical problem affecting gastrointestinal motility or absorption (e.g., ileus, ulcerative colitis) or liver function
- Treatment with immune modulators or myelosuppressive, neurotoxic, pancreatotoxic, hepatotoxic, or cytotoxic drugs within 30 days prior to study entry. Patients who have received therapeutic vaccines are not excluded.
- Treatment with experimental drugs within 30 days of study entry
- Acute inflammation of the liver
- Chemotherapy for active cancer
- Any clinically significant diseases other than HIV infection or clinically significant findings that, in the investigator's opinion, may interfere with the study
- Inability to provide a reliable means of contact (e.g., telephone number)
- Pregnancy
Trial locations and contacts
4 sites in 1 country.
Thailand4 sites
Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Pediatric Infectious Unit
Bangkok, Ratchathewi, 10400
Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University CRS
Bangkok, Ratchathewi, 10700
Chiang Mai University Pediatrics-Obstetrics CRS
Chiang Mai, 50200
Chonburi Hosp. CRS
Chonburri, 20000 TH
About this study
Official title: A Phase I/II Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of the Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) of Stavudine (d4T), Lamivudine (3TC), and Nevirapine (NVP) as GPO-VIR Pediatric Chewable Tablets Versus the Individual Liquid Formulations in HIV Infected Children 6 Months and Older to Less Than 13 Years of Age in Thailand
The purpose of this study is to compare the blood levels, absorption, and breakdown of lamivudine (3TC), nevirapine (NVP), and stavudine (d4T) in a fixed-dose tablet to that of the individual liquid formulations of the same anti-HIV drugs in HIV infected Thai children.
Read the detailed description
The Thai Ministry of Public Health strives to provide the HIV infected people of Thailand with affordable antiretrovirals (ARVs). A fixed-dose combination tablet of 3TC, NVP, and d4T is recommended as first-line treatment in HIV infected adults in Thailand. There has been no similar product developed for children for several reasons: pediatric dosing is based on age, weight, or body surface area; developmental changes may influence the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of ARVs; and medication adherence may also be a problem. The purpose of this study is to gather bioavailability and PK data in children taking a fixed-dose tablet of 3TC, NVP, and d4T. This information will then be compared to the bioavailability and PK of the individual liquid formulations of these ARVs.
This study has two stages. Stage 1 will last a minimum of 4 weeks; Stage 2 will last a minimum of 8 weeks. In Stage 1, patients will be randomly assigned to one of two arms. Arm A will receive the fixed-dose tablet twice daily for 2 weeks, then switch to the individual liquid formulations twice daily for 2 weeks. Arm B will receive the individual liquid formulations twice daily for 2 weeks, then switch to the fixed-dose tablet twice daily for 2 weeks. To encourage medication adherence, study staff will make home visits and phone calls to each patient's parent or guardian the first week of each treatment regimen. Medical history, a physical exam, and urine collection will occur on Days 11 and 25. Also on Days 11 and 25, patients will be admitted to the hospital to ensure 100% medication adherence and to provide blood for PK studies.
Stage 1 patients are not eligible for Stage 2. In Stage 2, patients will be stratified by body weight, then randomly assigned to one of two arms. Arm A will receive the fixed-dose tablet twice daily for 4 weeks, then switch to the individual liquid formulations twice daily for 4 weeks. Arm B will receive the individual liquid formulations twice daily for 4 weeks, then switch to the fixed-dose tablet twice daily for 4 weeks. To encourage medication adherence, study staff will make home visits and phone calls to each patient's parent or guardian the first week of each treatment regimen. Medical history, documentation of direct observation of therapy (DOT), a physical exam, and urine collection will occur on Days 25 and 53. Also on Days 25 and 53, patients will be admitted to the hospital to ensure 100% medication adherence and to provide blood for PK studies.
- Conditions
- HIV Infections
- Being tested
- Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tablet, Lamivudine, Nevirapine, Stavudine
- Keywords
- Pharmacokinetics, Treatment Experienced
- Medical subject headings
- HIV Infections
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tabletDrug
Also called GPO-Vir, d4T/3TC/NVP
7 mg d4T, 30 mg 3TC, 50 mg NVP tablet
LamivudineDrug
Dosage dependent on weight. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol.
NevirapineDrug
Dosage dependent on weight. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol.
StavudineDrug
Dosage dependent on weight. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| A, Stage 1 | Experimental | Tablet containing d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for the first 4 weeks, then liquid formulations of d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for the final 4 weeks Receives: Drug: Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tablet; Drug: Lamivudine; Drug: Nevirapine; Drug: Stavudine |
| A, Stage 2 | Experimental | Tablet containing d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for 4 weeks, then liquid formulations of d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for 4 weeks Receives: Drug: Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tablet; Drug: Lamivudine; Drug: Nevirapine; Drug: Stavudine |
| B, Stage 1 | Experimental | Liquid formulations of d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for 2 weeks, then tablet containing d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for 2 weeks Receives: Drug: Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tablet; Drug: Lamivudine; Drug: Nevirapine; Drug: Stavudine |
| B, Stage 2 | Experimental | Liquid formulations of d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for 4 weeks, then tablet containing d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for 4 weeks Receives: Drug: Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tablet; Drug: Lamivudine; Drug: Nevirapine; Drug: Stavudine |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Comparative bioavailability
Measured: Throughout study
therapeutic adequacy
Measured: Throughout study
Secondary outcomes (1)
Drug absorption from standard pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses
Measured: Throughout study
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Apr 2006 (estimated)
- Study startDec 2006
- Primary completionSep 2008
- Study completionSep 2008
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HIV InfectionsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Nirun Vanprapar, MD, Study chair, Pediatric Infectious Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hopstial, Mahidol University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00312091
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- P1056
- Other IDs
- 10139, PACTG P1056, IMPAACT P1056
- Status last verified
- Oct 2021
- First submitted
- 5 Apr 2006
- Last updated
- 2 Nov 2021
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Chokephaibulkit K, Plipat N, Cressey TR, Frederix K, Phongsamart W, Capparelli E, Kolladarungkri T, Vanprapar N. Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-infected children receiving an adult fixed-dose combination of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine. AIDS. 2005 Sep 23;19(14):1495-9. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000183625.97170.59.
PubMed 16135903Hoody DW, Fletcher CV. Pharmacology considerations for antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2003 Oct;14(4):286-94. doi: 10.1053/j.spid.2003.09.004.
PubMed 14724793King JR, Kimberlin DW, Aldrovandi GM, Acosta EP. Antiretroviral pharmacokinetics in the paediatric population: a review. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2002;41(14):1115-33. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200241140-00001.
PubMed 12405863Vanprapar N, Cressey TR, Chokephaibulkit K, Muresan P, Plipat N, Sirisanthana V, Prasitsuebsai W, Hongsiriwan S, Chotpitayasunondh T, Eksaengsri A, Toye M, Smith ME, McIntosh K, Capparelli E, Yogev R; IMPAACT P1056 Team. A chewable pediatric fixed-dose combination tablet of stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine: pharmacokinetics and safety compared with the individual liquid formulations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Thailand. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 Oct;29(10):940-4. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181e2189d.
PubMed 20453709
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 2 Nov 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase I/II Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of the Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) of Stavudine (d4T), Lamivudine (3TC), and Nevirapine (NVP) as GPO-VIR Pediatric Chewable Tablets Versus the Individual Liquid Formulations in HIV Infected Children 6 Months and Older to Less Than 13 Years of Age in Thailand
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00312091
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- P1056
- Conditions
- HIV Infections
- Keywords
- Pharmacokinetics, Treatment Experienced
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 44 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)US National Institutes of Health
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group
- Study start
- Dec 2006
- Primary completion
- Sep 2008 (actual)
- Study completion
- Sep 2008 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Apr 2006 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is to compare the blood levels, absorption, and breakdown of lamivudine (3TC), nevirapine (NVP), and stavudine (d4T) in a fixed-dose tablet to that of the individual liquid formulations of the same anti-HIV drugs in HIV infected Thai children.
Detailed description
The Thai Ministry of Public Health strives to provide the HIV infected people of Thailand with affordable antiretrovirals (ARVs). A fixed-dose combination tablet of 3TC, NVP, and d4T is recommended as first-line treatment in HIV infected adults in Thailand. There has been no similar product developed for children for several reasons: pediatric dosing is based on age, weight, or body surface area; developmental changes may influence the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of ARVs; and medication adherence may also be a problem. The purpose of this study is to gather bioavailability and PK data in children taking a fixed-dose tablet of 3TC, NVP, and d4T. This information will then be compared to the bioavailability and PK of the individual liquid formulations of these ARVs.
This study has two stages. Stage 1 will last a minimum of 4 weeks; Stage 2 will last a minimum of 8 weeks. In Stage 1, patients will be randomly assigned to one of two arms. Arm A will receive the fixed-dose tablet twice daily for 2 weeks, then switch to the individual liquid formulations twice daily for 2 weeks. Arm B will receive the individual liquid formulations twice daily for 2 weeks, then switch to the fixed-dose tablet twice daily for 2 weeks. To encourage medication adherence, study staff will make home visits and phone calls to each patient's parent or guardian the first week of each treatment regimen. Medical history, a physical exam, and urine collection will occur on Days 11 and 25. Also on Days 11 and 25, patients will be admitted to the hospital to ensure 100% medication adherence and to provide blood for PK studies.
Stage 1 patients are not eligible for Stage 2. In Stage 2, patients will be stratified by body weight, then randomly assigned to one of two arms. Arm A will receive the fixed-dose tablet twice daily for 4 weeks, then switch to the individual liquid formulations twice daily for 4 weeks. Arm B will receive the individual liquid formulations twice daily for 4 weeks, then switch to the fixed-dose tablet twice daily for 4 weeks. To encourage medication adherence, study staff will make home visits and phone calls to each patient's parent or guardian the first week of each treatment regimen. Medical history, documentation of direct observation of therapy (DOT), a physical exam, and urine collection will occur on Days 25 and 53. Also on Days 25 and 53, patients will be admitted to the hospital to ensure 100% medication adherence and to provide blood for PK studies.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Crossover
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| A, Stage 1 | Experimental | Drug: Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tablet, Drug: Lamivudine, Drug: Nevirapine, Drug: StavudineTablet containing d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for the first 4 weeks, then liquid formulations of d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for the final 4 weeks |
| A, Stage 2 | Experimental | Drug: Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tablet, Drug: Lamivudine, Drug: Nevirapine, Drug: StavudineTablet containing d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for 4 weeks, then liquid formulations of d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for 4 weeks |
| B, Stage 1 | Experimental | Drug: Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tablet, Drug: Lamivudine, Drug: Nevirapine, Drug: StavudineLiquid formulations of d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for 2 weeks, then tablet containing d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for 2 weeks |
| B, Stage 2 | Experimental | Drug: Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tablet, Drug: Lamivudine, Drug: Nevirapine, Drug: StavudineLiquid formulations of d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for 4 weeks, then tablet containing d4T, 3TC, and NVP taken orally twice daily for 4 weeks |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 6 months to 13 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- HIV infected
- On a highly active antiretroviral regimen (HAART) including NVP and 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and receiving a maintenance of NVP for at least 4 weeks prior to study entry and taking the current recommended oral dose every 12 hours
- Willing to swallow or chew study drugs
- Willing to be hospitalized for the 12 hour PK studies
- Willing to use acceptable forms of contraception
Key exclusion criteria (16 listed)
- Certain abnormal laboratory values
- Require certain medications
- Grade 2 or greater vomiting within 30 days prior to study entry
- Grade 2 or greater diarrhea within 30 days prior to study entry
- History of immunological failure (CD4 percentage decrease of more than 30% within a 6-month period for children 6 years or younger OR CD4 cell count decrease of more than 30% within a 6-month period for children older than 6 years)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tabletAlso: GPO-Vir, d4T/3TC/NVP7 mg d4T, 30 mg 3TC, 50 mg NVP tablet | Drug | A, Stage 1, A, Stage 2, B, Stage 1, B, Stage 2 |
| LamivudineDosage dependent on weight. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol. | Drug | A, Stage 1, A, Stage 2, B, Stage 1, B, Stage 2 |
| NevirapineDosage dependent on weight. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol. | Drug | A, Stage 1, A, Stage 2, B, Stage 1, B, Stage 2 |
| StavudineDosage dependent on weight. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol. | Drug | A, Stage 1, A, Stage 2, B, Stage 1, B, Stage 2 |
Primary outcome
Comparative bioavailability
Time frame: Throughout study
therapeutic adequacy
Time frame: Throughout study
1 secondary outcome
Drug absorption from standard pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses
Time frame: Throughout study
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 2 Nov 2021.
- Background: PubMed 16135903Chokephaibulkit K, Plipat N, Cressey TR, Frederix K, Phongsamart W, Capparelli E, Kolladarungkri T, Vanprapar N. Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-infected children receiving an adult fixed-dose combination of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine. AIDS. 2005 Sep 23;19(14):1495-9. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000183625.97170.59.
- Background: PubMed 14724793Hoody DW, Fletcher CV. Pharmacology considerations for antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2003 Oct;14(4):286-94. doi: 10.1053/j.spid.2003.09.004.
- Background: PubMed 12405863King JR, Kimberlin DW, Aldrovandi GM, Acosta EP. Antiretroviral pharmacokinetics in the paediatric population: a review. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2002;41(14):1115-33. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200241140-00001.
- Results publication: PubMed 20453709Vanprapar N, Cressey TR, Chokephaibulkit K, Muresan P, Plipat N, Sirisanthana V, Prasitsuebsai W, Hongsiriwan S, Chotpitayasunondh T, Eksaengsri A, Toye M, Smith ME, McIntosh K, Capparelli E, Yogev R; IMPAACT P1056 Team. A chewable pediatric fixed-dose combination tablet of stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine: pharmacokinetics and safety compared with the individual liquid formulations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Thailand. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 Oct;29(10):940-4. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181e2189d.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Nirun Vanprapar, MD study chair
Pediatric Infectious Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hopstial, Mahidol University
4 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1/2 study testing Lamivudine, nevirapine, and stavudine fixed-dose tablet, Lamivudine and Nevirapine in people with HIV Infections, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 4 sites in Thailand.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 16 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Nov 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 4 sites in Thailand. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Comparative bioavailability (time frame: Throughout study). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00312091, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Nov 2021; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.