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Heart Valve DiseasePROACTNCT00291525

Randomized On-X Anticoagulation Trial

A study testing On-X valve using reduced anticoagulation and On-X Valve with Standard warfarin Therapy in people with Heart Valve Disease, run by On-X Life Technologies, Inc. at 49 sites in 2 countries.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

Various patient groups with the On-X Valve can be maintained safely on lower doses of blood thinner(Coumadin®) or on antiplatelet drugs (aspirin/Plavix®) only rather than the standard dose of Coumadin and aspirin presently recommended by ACC/AHA or ACCP professional societies. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 to 70 years
Conditions the study is for
Heart Valve Disease
What is being tested?
On-X valve using reduced anticoagulation and On-X Valve with Standard warfarin Therapy
Type of treatment
Medical device
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
977 participants
Where
49 sitesin 2 countries
Study dates
6 Jun 2006to 29 Dec 2023
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 to 70 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Patients requiring isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR), or isolated mitral valve replacement (MVR).
  • AVR patients receiving low dose or antiplatelet only anticoagulation will be divided into groups at low risk and high risk for thromboembolism with all patients being in the low risk group except for patients with the following conditions which place a patient in the high risk group:
  • Chronic atrial fibrillation
  • Left ventricular ejection fraction < 30 %
  • Enlarged left atrium >50mm diameter
  • Spontaneous echo contrasts in the left atrium
Show all 14Show fewer
  • Vascular pathology
  • Neurological events
  • Hypercoagulability
  • Left or right ventricular aneurysm
  • Lack of platelet response to aspirin or clopidogrel
  • Women receiving estrogen replacement therapy
  • Concomitant cardiac surgery is allowed
  • Adult patients

Who cannot join

  • Right side valve replacement
  • Double (aortic plus mitral) valve replacement
  • Patients with active endocarditis at the time of implant
  • Previous confirmed or suspected thromboembolic event or thrombophlebitis
  • Other terminal illness
  • Patients who are in an emergency state
Show all 12Show fewer
  • Inability to return for required follow-ups
  • Patients with an On-X valve implanted within the study and subsequently explanted
  • Patients who are known to be pregnant, plan to become pregnant or are lactating
  • Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or know to be HIV positive
  • Patients who are prison inmates or known drug or alcohol abusers
  • Patients unable to give adequate informed consent.

Trial locations and contacts

49 sites in 2 countries.

49 sites in 2 countries

United States44 sites
  • New Mexico Heart Institute

    Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87102

  • St. Joseph Mercy Hospital

    Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48197

  • Emory University

    Atlanta, Georgia, 30365

  • Brigham & Women's Hospital

    Boston, Massachusetts, 02115

  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

    Boston, Massachusetts, 02215

  • University Hospital - Cleveland

    Cleveland, Ohio, 44106

  • Cleveland Clinic

    Cleveland, Ohio, 44195

  • Ohio State University Medical Center

    Columbus, Ohio, 43210

  • Baylor Research Institute

    Dallas, Texas, 75226

  • University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

    Dallas, Texas, 75390

  • Mary Washington Hospital

    Fredericksburg, Virginia, 22401

  • Shands Hospital - University of Florida

    Gainesville, Florida, 32610

  • Hartford Hospital

    Hartford, Connecticut, 06102

  • University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

    Houston, Texas, 77030

  • Texas Heart Institute

    Houston, Texas, 77225

  • St. Francis Heart Center

    Indianapolis, Indiana, 46237

  • Mid America Heart institute

    Kansas City, Missouri, 64111

  • Cardiac Surgical Associates

    Kissimmee, Florida, 34741

  • University of Kentucky

    Lexington, Kentucky, 40536

  • Loma Linda University

    Loma Linda, California, 92354

  • Texas Cardiac Center

    Lubbock, Texas, 79410

  • South Florida Heart & Lung

    Miami, Florida, 33133

  • St. Luke's Aurora Health Care

    Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53215

  • West Virginia University

    Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506

  • St. Luke's Roosevelt

    New York, New York, 10025

  • Montefiore Medical Center

    New York, New York, 10461

  • Christiana Health Care Services

    Newark, Delaware, 19713

  • Sentara Norfolk General Hospital

    Norfolk, Virginia, 23507

  • University of Oklahoma/VA Oklahoma City

    Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104

  • Florida Hospital

    Orlando, Florida, 32803

  • University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213

  • Baylor Scott & White - Plano

    Plano, Texas, 78093

  • Maine Medical Center

    Portland, Maine, 04102

  • Providence Heart & Vascular Institute

    Portland, Oregon, 97220

  • WakeMed

    Raleigh, North Carolina, 27610

  • Duke University Medical Center

    Raleigh, North Carolina, 27710

  • Swedish Medical Center

    Seattle, Washington, 98122

  • Barnes Jewish Hospital - Washington University

    St Louis, Missouri, 63110

  • MultiCare Health System

    Tacoma, Washington, 98415

  • Cotton-O'Neil Clinical Research Center

    Topeka, Kansas, 66604

  • Tucson Medical Center

    Tucson, Arizona, 85718

  • Southern Arizona VA Medical Center

    Tucson, Arizona, 85723

  • Medstar Heart & Vascular Institute

    Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20010

  • Novant Health

    Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27104

Other trials in United States

Canada5 sites
  • University of Alberta

    Edmonton, Alberta, 76G 2B7

  • London Health Science Centre

    London, Ontario, N6A 5A5

  • Ottawa Heart Institute

    Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7

  • IUCPQ Chirurgie Cardiaque

    Québec, Quebec, G1V 4G5

  • University of British Columbia

    Vancouver, British Columbia, V6Z 1Y6

Other trials in Canada

About this study

Official title: Prospective Randomized On-X Anticoagulation Clinical Trial (PROACT)

Various patient groups with the On-X Valve can be maintained safely on lower doses of blood thinner(Coumadin®) or on antiplatelet drugs (aspirin/Plavix®) only rather than the standard dose of Coumadin and aspirin presently recommended by ACC/AHA or ACCP professional societies.

Read the detailed description

This is a longitudinal, randomized (randomization to occur at the 3-month follow-up) study comparing the On-X valve on low dose anticoagulation (test group) to concomitant control groups of On-X valves receiving standard Coumadin/aspirin therapy, and also to FDA objective performance criteria (OPC) for heart valve replacement. It is a multicenter study consisting of up to 50 centers in the United States, Canada, and Italy enrolling and randomizing no more than 1200 patients (200 in each of 6 groups). There are three test arms of the study: low risk aortic valve replacement, high risk aortic valve replacement, and mitral valve replacement. Each arm has an equivalent control. Test therapies are: low risk aortic valve replacement - aspirin/Plavix, high risk aortic valve replacement - Coumadin at INR of 1.5 to 2.0 plus aspirin, and mitral valve replacement - Coumadin at an INR of 2.0 to 2.5 plus aspirin. Follow-up will run for up to 8 years in each patient. Each arm is independent and the low risk aortic and high risk aortic arms are completed. The low risk aortic arm was closed early resulting in a reduction of the estimated total enrollment with randomization to 1000. The high risk arm is completed with FDA review and this arm had 375 randomized enrollees. The mitral arm continues to enroll with a planned randomized enrollment of 400.

Being tested
On-X valve using reduced anticoagulation, On-X Valve with Standard warfarin Therapy
Keywords
valve, prosthesis, antithrombotics, randomized
Medical subject headings
Heart Valve Diseases

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • On-X valve using reduced anticoagulationDevice

    Also called On-X Prosthetic Heart Valve

    Valve replacement with antiplatelet agents or lowered warfarin

  • On-X Valve with Standard warfarin TherapyDevice

    Also called On-X Prosthetic Heart Valve

    Valve replacement with standard dosage warfarin

Study groups in NCT00291525
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
AVR Low Risk without warfarinExperimentalAVR Low Risk without warfarin
Receives: Device: On-X valve using reduced anticoagulation
AVR low risk with standard warfarinActive comparatorAVR low risk with standard warfarin
Receives: Device: On-X Valve with Standard warfarin Therapy
AVR High risk with lower warfarinExperimentalAVR High risk with lower warfarin
Receives: Device: On-X valve using reduced anticoagulation
AVR High Risk with standard warfarinActive comparatorAVR High Risk with standard warfarin
Receives: Device: On-X Valve with Standard warfarin Therapy
MVR with lower warfarinExperimentalMVR with lower warfarin
Receives: Device: On-X valve using reduced anticoagulation
MVR with standard warfarinActive comparatorMVR with standard warfarin
Receives: Device: On-X Valve with Standard warfarin Therapy

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Thromboembolism

    Percentage of events per patient year

    Measured: 8 years

  2. Valve Thrombosis

    Percentage of events per patient year

    Measured: 8 years

  3. Bleeding Events

    Percentage of events per patient year

    Measured: 8 years

Secondary outcomes (2)
  1. Valve-Related Mortality

    Percentage of events per patient year

    Measured: 8 years

  2. Valve Hemodynamics

    Echocardiograpic measures of valve hemodynamics at 5 years

    Measured: 5 years

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted14 Feb 2006 (estimated)
  2. Study start6 Jun 2006
  3. Primary completion8 Aug 2023
  4. Study completion29 Dec 2023

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
977 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT00291525
Sponsor's protocol ID
2005-01
Other IDs
G050208
Acronym
PROACT
Status last verified
Oct 2024
First submitted
10 Feb 2006
Last updated
24 Dec 2024
Data monitoring committee
Yes
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Puskas JD; PROACT Investigators. Reply: Low-Thrombogenicity Mechanical Heart Valves: Which Antithrombotic Strategy? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Oct 9;72(15):1879-1880. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.063. No abstract available.

    PubMed 30286937
  • Puskas J, Gerdisch M, Nichols D, Quinn R, Anderson C, Rhenman B, Fermin L, McGrath M, Kong B, Hughes C, Sethi G, Wait M, Martin T, Graeve A; PROACT Investigators. Reduced anticoagulation after mechanical aortic valve replacement: interim results from the prospective randomized on-X valve anticoagulation clinical trial randomized Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 Apr;147(4):1202-1210; discussion 1210-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.01.004. Epub 2014 Jan 12.

    PubMed 24512654
  • Yanagawa B, Levitsky S, Puskas JD; PROACT Investigators. Reduced anticoagulation is safe in high-risk patients with the On-X mechanical aortic valve. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2015 Mar;30(2):140-145. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000149.

    PubMed 29504958
  • Puskas JD, Gerdisch M, Nichols D, Fermin L, Rhenman B, Kapoor D, Copeland J, Quinn R, Hughes GC, Azar H, McGrath M, Wait M, Kong B, Martin T, Douville EC, Meyer S, Ye J, Jamieson WRE, Landvater L, Hagberg R, Trotter T, Armitage J, Askew J, Accola K, Levy P, Duncan D, Yanagawa B, Ely J, Graeve A; PROACT Investigators. Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Strategies After On-X Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Jun 19;71(24):2717-2726. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.535.

    PubMed 29903344
  • Ruel M, Chu MWA, Graeve A, Gerdisch MW, Damiano RJ Jr, Smith RL 2nd, Keeling WB, Wait MA, Hagberg RC, Quinn RD, Sethi GK, Floridia R, Barreiro CJ, Pruitt AL, Accola KD, Dagenais F, Markowitz AH, Ye J, Sekela ME, Tsuda RY, Duncan DA, Swistel DG, Harville LE, DeRose JJ, Lehr EJ, Alexander JH, Puskas JD; PROACT Mitral Investigators. Midterm survival, clinical, and hemodynamic outcomes of a novel mechanical mitral valve prosthesis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2025 Oct;170(4):1060-1068.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.11.029. Epub 2024 Nov 29.

    PubMed 39617318
  • Chu MWA, Ruel M, Graeve A, Gerdisch MW, Damiano RJ Jr, Smith RL 2nd, Keeling WB, Wait MA, Hagberg RC, Quinn RD, Sethi GK, Floridia R, Barreiro CJ, Pruitt AL, Accola KD, Dagenais F, Markowitz AH, Ye J, Sekela ME, Tsuda RY, Duncan DA, Swistel DG, Harville LE 3rd, DeRose JJ, Lehr EJ, Alexander JH, Puskas JD; PROACT Mitral Investigators. Low-Dose vs Standard Warfarin After Mechanical Mitral Valve Replacement: A Randomized Trial. Ann Thorac Surg. 2023 Apr;115(4):929-938. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.12.031. Epub 2023 Jan 4.

    PubMed 36610532
  • Chu MWA, Ruel M, Graeve A, Gerdisch MW, Damiano RJ Jr, Smith RL 2nd, Keeling WB, Wait MA, Hagberg RC, Quinn RD, Sethi GK, Floridia R, Barreiro CJ, Pruitt AL, Accola KD, Dagenais F, Markowitz AH, Ye J, Sekela ME, Tsuda RY, Duncan DA, Swistel DG, Harville LE 3rd, DeRose JJ, Lehr EJ, Puskas JD; PROACT Mitral Investigators. WITHDRAWN: Low-Dose Versus Standard Warfarin After Mechanical Mitral Valve Replacement: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Thorac Surg. 2022 Jan 28:S0003-4975(22)00138-2. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.01.015. Online ahead of print.

    PubMed 35101419

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing On-X valve using reduced anticoagulation and On-X Valve with Standard warfarin Therapy in people with Heart Valve Disease, run by On-X Life Technologies, Inc. at 49 sites in 2 countries.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 14 inclusion and 12 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Dec 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 49 sites in United States, Canada. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 24 Dec 2024). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Thromboembolism (time frame: 8 years). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00291525, which also lists 7 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Dec 2024.

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