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HIV InfectionsPhase 2NCT00270296

Trizivir Vs. Kaletra and Combivir for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV

A Phase 2 study testing Trizivir, Lamivudine/Zidovudine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir in people with HIV Infections, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 4 sites in Botswana.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Anti-HIV drug regimens have dramatically improved the rates of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in developed countries. However, little is known of the effectiveness of such regimens in developing countries, such as Botswana. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Any ageHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
HIV Infections
What is being tested?
Trizivir, Lamivudine/Zidovudine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Type of treatment
Pill or oral medicine
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
730 participants
Where
4 sitesBotswana
Study dates
Jun 2006to Sep 2010
Phase
Phase 2
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages Any age
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Child, Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • HIV-infected
  • At least at 26th week of pregnancy (treatment group) or 18th week of pregnancy (observational group) but not beyond the 34th week of pregnancy
  • Able to complete study visits until at least 6 months postpartum
  • Citizen of Botswana

Who cannot join

  • Taken ARVs for more than 1 week, other than ZDV, during current or prior pregnancy. Women who have received single-dose NVP in a prior pregnancy are not excluded.
  • Certain abnormal laboratory values
  • Plan to formula feed
  • Known fetal abnormalities that suggest the fetus will not survive to 6 months of gestational age
  • Known allergy or medical contraindication to any of the study drugs
  • Require certain medications
  • Previous participation in the "Prevention of Milk-Borne Transmission of HIV-1C in Botswana" (Mashi) study
  • Currently incarcerated

Trial locations and contacts

4 sites in 1 country.

Botswana4 sites

  • Princess Marina Hosp., BHP Study Clinic, Gaborone Shapiro CRS

    Gaborone

  • Athlone Hosp., BHP Study Clinic, Lobatse Shapiro CRS

    Lobatse

  • Deborah Reteif Hosp., BHP Study Clinic, Mochudi Shapiro CRS

    Mochudi

  • Scottish Livingstone Hosp., BHP Study Clinic, Molepolole Shapiro CRS

    Molepolole

Other trials in Botswana

About this study

Official title: Lopinavir/Ritonavir/Combivir vs. Abacavir/Zidovudine/Lamivudine for Virologic Efficacy and the Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Among Breastfeeding Women With CD4 Counts Greater Than or Equal to 200 Cells/mm3 in Botswana

Anti-HIV drug regimens have dramatically improved the rates of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in developed countries. However, little is known of the effectiveness of such regimens in developing countries, such as Botswana. This study will determine whether Trizivir (TZV), a single pill containing abacavir sulfate, lamivudine, and zidovudine (ABC/3TC/ZDV), or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and lamivudine/zidovudine (3TC/ZDV) is more effective in reducing HIV-1 viral load and preventing MTCT among HIV infected pregnant women in Botswana.

Read the detailed description

While perinatal HIV infection has become rare in developed countries through the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), it remains a serious problem in developing countries. Botswana has a population of approximately 1.7 million; the prevalence of HIV in Botswana is about 37.4%. In the developed world, HAART has revolutionized the prevention of MTCT among nonbreastfed infants. This trial will compare the effectiveness of a protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimen versus a triple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-based regimen in preventing MTCT of HIV.

This study will last up to 24 months for mothers and their children. Participants will be stratified based on their CD4 count at screening. Women with CD4 counts of 200 cells/mm3 or more will be in one of two treatment groups and will be randomly assigned to receive either TZV twice daily or LPV/RTV and 3TC/ZDV twice daily. Once in labor, treatment group participants will continue to take their assigned HAART regimen and will also be given additional ZDV. Women with CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mm3 will receive nevirapine (NVP) once daily for the first 14 days, then twice daily, and 3TC/ZDV twice daily; these women will be in the observational group.

Shortly after birth, infants will receive single-dose NVP. A 1-month supply of ZDV will be provided to the mother to administer daily to her child. Mothers will stop HAART at 6 months postpartum or when they stop breastfeeding, whichever occurs earlier. A clinical evaluation, blood collection, and HIV prevention counseling will occur at all maternal visits. An obstetrical exam and physical exam will occur at selected visits. Women will provide at least four samples of breast milk during the first 5 months postpartum. For infants, a clinical evaluation will occur at every visit, and a physical exam and blood collection will occur at selected visits.

Conditions
HIV Infections
Being tested
Trizivir, Lamivudine/Zidovudine, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Nevirapine
Keywords
Treatment Naive, MTCT, HIV Seronegativity
Medical subject headings
HIV Infections

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • TrizivirDrug

    Also called TZV

    300 mg abacavir sulfate/150 mg lamivudine/300 mg zidovudine tablet taken orally twice daily

  • Lamivudine/ZidovudineDrug

    Also called 3TC/ZDV, Combivir

    150 mg lamivudine/300 mg zidovudine tablet taken orally twice daily

  • Lopinavir/RitonavirDrug

    Also called LPV/RTV

    400 mg lopinavir/100 mg ritonavir tablet taken orally twice daily

  • NevirapineDrug

    Also called NVP

    200 mg tablet taken orally daily for the first 14 days before receiving 200 mg tablet taken orally twice daily

Study groups in NCT00270296
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Trizivir (TZV) ArmExperimentalParticipants in the TZV Arm (Arm 1A) will be pregnant women who have CD4 counts of 200 cells/mm3 or more. As the intervention, they will receive TZV twice daily. Once in labor, these participants will continue to take TZV twice daily and will also be given additional ZDV.
Receives: Drug: Trizivir
Kaletra ArmExperimentalParticipants in the Kaletra Arm (Arm 1B) will be pregnant women who have CD4 counts of 200 cells/mm3 or more. As the intervention, they will receive Lamivudine/Zidovudine (3TC/ZDV) and Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/RTV) twice daily. Once in labor, these participants will continue to take TZV twice daily and will also be given additional ZDV.
Receives: Drug: Lamivudine/Zidovudine; Drug: Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Nevirapine (NVP) ArmExperimentalParticipants in the NVP Arm (Arm 2) will be pregnant women who have have CD4 counts less than 200 cells/mm3. These participants will receive NVP once daily for the first 14 days, then twice daily, and 3TC/ZDV twice daily; these women will be in the observational group.
Receives: Drug: Nevirapine

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Number of Participants With Virologic Suppression

    Suppression of the plasma HIV-1 RNA level to less than 400 copies per milliliter

    Measured: Throughout study, including breastfeeding, assessed up to 24 months

  2. Number of HIV+ Infants

    Number of infants with HIV-positive status

    Measured: Throughout study, including breastfeeding, assessed up to 24 months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted26 Dec 2005 (estimated)
  2. Study startJun 2006
  3. Primary completionMar 2009
  4. Study completionSep 2010

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Double blind
Who is masked
Participant, Care provider
Enrolment
730 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT00270296
Sponsor's protocol ID
BHP 016
Other IDs
U01AI064002
Status last verified
Oct 2021
First submitted
22 Dec 2005
Last updated
2 Nov 2021
FDA-regulated drug
Yes

Publications

  • Cooper ER, Charurat M, Mofenson L, Hanson IC, Pitt J, Diaz C, Hayani K, Handelsman E, Smeriglio V, Hoff R, Blattner W; Women and Infants' Transmission Study Group. Combination antiretroviral strategies for the treatment of pregnant HIV-1-infected women and prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002 Apr 15;29(5):484-94. doi: 10.1097/00126334-200204150-00009.

    PubMed 11981365

  • Dorenbaum A, Cunningham CK, Gelber RD, Culnane M, Mofenson L, Britto P, Rekacewicz C, Newell ML, Delfraissy JF, Cunningham-Schrader B, Mirochnick M, Sullivan JL; International PACTG 316 Team. Two-dose intrapartum/newborn nevirapine and standard antiretroviral therapy to reduce perinatal HIV transmission: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2002 Jul 10;288(2):189-98. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.2.189.

    PubMed 12095383

  • Jones BM, Chiu SS, Wong WH, Lim WW, Lau YL. Cytokine profiles in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. MedGenMed. 2005 May 3;7(2):71.

    PubMed 16369449

  • Moodley D, Moodley J, Coovadia H, Gray G, McIntyre J, Hofmyer J, Nikodem C, Hall D, Gigliotti M, Robinson P, Boshoff L, Sullivan JL; South African Intrapartum Nevirapine Trial (SAINT) Investigators. A multicenter randomized controlled trial of nevirapine versus a combination of zidovudine and lamivudine to reduce intrapartum and early postpartum mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis. 2003 Mar 1;187(5):725-35. doi: 10.1086/367898. Epub 2003 Feb 24.

    PubMed 12599045

  • Richardson BA, John-Stewart GC, Hughes JP, Nduati R, Mbori-Ngacha D, Overbaugh J, Kreiss JK. Breast-milk infectivity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected mothers. J Infect Dis. 2003 Mar 1;187(5):736-40. doi: 10.1086/374272. Epub 2003 Feb 12.

    PubMed 12599046

  • Rousseau CM, Nduati RW, Richardson BA, Steele MS, John-Stewart GC, Mbori-Ngacha DA, Kreiss JK, Overbaugh J. Longitudinal analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in breast milk and of its relationship to infant infection and maternal disease. J Infect Dis. 2003 Mar 1;187(5):741-7. doi: 10.1086/374273. Epub 2003 Feb 18.

    PubMed 12599047

  • Powis KM, Smeaton L, Hughes MD, Tumbare EA, Souda S, Jao J, Wirth KE, Makhema J, Lockman S, Fawzi W, Essex M, Shapiro RL. In-utero triple antiretroviral exposure associated with decreased growth among HIV-exposed uninfected infants in Botswana. AIDS. 2016 Jan;30(2):211-20. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000895.

    PubMed 26684818

  • Powis K, Lockman S, Smeaton L, Hughes MD, Fawzi W, Ogwu A, Moyo S, van Widenfelt E, von Oettingen J, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Vitamin D insufficiency in HIV-infected pregnant women receiving antiretroviral therapy is not associated with morbidity, mortality or growth impairment in their uninfected infants in Botswana. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014 Nov;33(11):1141-7. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000428.

    PubMed 25037041

  • Shapiro RL, Kitch D, Ogwu A, Hughes MD, Lockman S, Powis K, Souda S, Moffat C, Moyo S, McIntosh K, van Widenfelt E, Zwerski S, Mazhani L, Makhema J, Essex M. HIV transmission and 24-month survival in a randomized trial of HAART to prevent MTCT during pregnancy and breastfeeding in Botswana. AIDS. 2013 Jul 31;27(12):1911-20. doi: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32836158b0.

    PubMed 24180000

  • Dryden-Peterson S, Jayeoba O, Hughes MD, Jibril H, McIntosh K, Modise TA, Asmelash A, Powis KM, Essex M, Shapiro RL, Lockman S. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and risk of severe anemia or severe neutropenia in HAART-exposed, HIV-uninfected infants. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 23;8(9):e74171. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074171. eCollection 2013.

    PubMed 24086319

  • Dryden-Peterson S, Shapiro RL, Hughes MD, Powis K, Ogwu A, Moffat C, Moyo S, Makhema J, Essex M, Lockman S. Increased risk of severe infant anemia after exposure to maternal HAART, Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Apr 15;56(5):428-36. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31820bd2b6.

    PubMed 21266910

  • Powis KM, Smeaton L, Ogwu A, Lockman S, Dryden-Peterson S, van Widenfelt E, Leidner J, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL. Effects of in utero antiretroviral exposure on longitudinal growth of HIV-exposed uninfected infants in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Feb 1;56(2):131-8. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181ffa4f5.

    PubMed 21124227

  • Shapiro RL, Hughes MD, Ogwu A, Kitch D, Lockman S, Moffat C, Makhema J, Moyo S, Thior I, McIntosh K, van Widenfelt E, Leidner J, Powis K, Asmelash A, Tumbare E, Zwerski S, Sharma U, Handelsman E, Mburu K, Jayeoba O, Moko E, Souda S, Lubega E, Akhtar M, Wester C, Tuomola R, Snowden W, Martinez-Tristani M, Mazhani L, Essex M. Antiretroviral regimens in pregnancy and breast-feeding in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jun 17;362(24):2282-94. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0907736.

    PubMed 20554983

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 2 study testing Trizivir, Lamivudine/Zidovudine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir in people with HIV Infections, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 4 sites in Botswana.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 2 Nov 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 4 sites in Botswana. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 5 Jun 2017). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Number of Participants With Virologic Suppression (time frame: Throughout study, including breastfeeding, assessed up to 24 months). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00270296, which also lists 13 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 2 Nov 2021.

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