Autistic DisorderPhase 2NCT00086645
Citalopram for Children With Autism and Repetitive Behavior (STAART Study 1)
A Phase 2 study testing citalopram hydrobromide in people with Autistic Disorder, run by Boston University at 6 sites in United States.
Trial summary
This study will determine the efficacy and safety of citalopram compared to placebo in the treatment of children with autism. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 5 to 17 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Autistic Disorder
- What is being tested?
- citalopram hydrobromide
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 149 participants
- Where
- 6 sitesUnited States
- Study dates
- Apr 2004to Apr 2007
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 5 to 17 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Able to walk
- Diagnosis of Autistic Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, or PDD-NOS
- Have a score greater than or equal to (>) 8 on the sum of items 1A, 2, 3 and 5 of the Compulsions Subscale of the Revised CYBOCS.
- Have a rating of at least moderate behavioral disturbance based on the modified Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness score (CGI-S) at the time of screening (See description below).
- Be free of psychotropic medication for at least one month for fluoxetine, two weeks for other SSRIs and neuroleptics, and for 5 days for stimulants prior to baseline ratings.
- Be judged reliable for medication compliance and agree to keep appointments for study contacts and tests as outlined in the protocol (both subject and guardian(s)).
Who cannot join
- Medical contraindications to therapy with SSRIs
- Prior exposure to citalopram (or escitalopram) of sufficient dose or duration to determine response status
- History of treatment failure to a clinically adequate trial of two select SSRIs
- Diagnosis of Rett's Disorder or Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
- Uncontrolled epilepsy, with a seizure within past 6 months
- Child weighs less than (<) 15 kg at screening contact.
Show all 13Show fewer
- Pregnancy
- Presence of chronic medical conditions that might interfere with study participation or where study participation would be contraindicated
- Clinically significant abnormal baseline laboratory testing
- History of bipolar disorder or manic episode induced by antidepressant exposure
- Documented need for ongoing psychotropic medications besides study medication (with the exception of stable dose (at least 3 month) anti-convulsants for seizures).
- Concomitant medication that would interfere with participation in the study.
- Recent (< 2 months) initiation of behavior therapy (such as parent training, applied behavior analysis or behavior modification) in a clinic, with a private practitioner or in a school program. Participants who are in an established behavior therapy program (defined as greater than (>) 2 months for clinic or private practitioner or greater than (>) 1 month for school program) can be included in the study. Families will be asked not to initiate any new behavior therapy during the study.
Trial locations and contacts
6 sites in 1 country.
6 sites in 1 country
United States6 sites
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 25714
North Shore - Long Island Jewish Hospital
Great Neck, New York, 11021
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03756
UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute
Los Angeles, California, 90024
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut, 06510
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York, New York, 10029
About this study
Official title: Citalopram Treatment in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and High Levels of Repetitive Behavior
This study will determine the efficacy and safety of citalopram compared to placebo in the treatment of children with autism.
Read the detailed description
For children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD, also known as Pervasive Developmental Disorders - PDDs), repetitive behaviors are common and frequently interfere with functioning in the home as well as in social and educational settings. These behaviors may involve repetitive movements, rigid routines, repetitive play, and even repetitive speech. These behaviors may be associated with high levels of anxiety, severe tantrums. Self-injury can occur when these behaviors and routines are interrupted.
Participants will be randomly assigned to receive citalopram or placebo (administered as liquid), and carefully followed every two weeks. At the end of 12 weeks, children who have responded to treatment will be given the opportunity to continue in the study, with monthly visits, for an additional 24 weeks. Children who received placebo and did not respond to treatment at 12 weeks will be given the opportunity to receive a carefully monitored 12 week course of citalopram.
- Conditions
- Autistic Disorder
- Being tested
- citalopram hydrobromide, placebo
- Keywords
- Autism, Asperger Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, PDD, Rituals, Compulsions, Stereotypy, Routines, Repetitive behavior, SSRI, Serotonin
- Medical subject headings
- Autistic Disorder, Asperger Syndrome, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Ceremonial Behavior, Compulsive Behavior, Stereotypic Movement Disorder
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
citalopram hydrobromideDrug
Also called celexa
10mg/5ml solution
placeboOther
up to equivalent of 20 mg of active comparator daily
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| citalopram hydrobromide | Experimental | citalopram hydrobromide, up to 20 mg daily Receives: Drug: citalopram hydrobromide |
| placebo | Placebo comparator | placebo, up to equivalent of 20 mg of active comparator daily Receives: Other: placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Clinical Global Improvement
Measured: Week 12
Secondary outcomes (9)
Safety Monitoring Uniform Research Form (SMURF)
Measured: post-baseline through week 12
Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CYBOCS)
Measured: Week 12
Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R)
Measured: Week 12
Parent Chief Complaint
Measured: Weeks 6 and 12
Aberrant Behavior Checklist
Measured: Week 12
Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory: Anxiety and Depression scales
Measured: Week 12
Behavioral Activation
Measured: post-baseline through Week 12
Caregiver Strain Questionnaire
Measured: Week 12
Vineland
Measured: Week 12
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Jul 2004 (estimated)
- Study startApr 2004
- Primary completionOct 2006
- Study completionApr 2007
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Autistic DisorderStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Boston UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 149 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Boston University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Bryan King, MD, Study chair, University of Washington
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00086645
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- U54MH066398
- Other IDs
- U54MH066398
- Status last verified
- Mar 2017
- First submitted
- 7 Jul 2004
- Last updated
- 10 Mar 2017
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
Publications
Iffland M, Livingstone N, Jorgensen M, Hazell P, Gillies D. Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self-injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Oct 9;10(10):CD011769. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011769.pub2.
PubMed 37811711King BH, Dukes K, Donnelly CL, Sikich L, McCracken JT, Scahill L, Hollander E, Bregman JD, Anagnostou E, Robinson F, Sullivan L, Hirtz D. Baseline factors predicting placebo response to treatment in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: a multisite randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Nov;167(11):1045-52. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2698.
PubMed 24061784King BH, Hollander E, Sikich L, McCracken JT, Scahill L, Bregman JD, Donnelly CL, Anagnostou E, Dukes K, Sullivan L, Hirtz D, Wagner A, Ritz L; STAART Psychopharmacology Network. Lack of efficacy of citalopram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior: citalopram ineffective in children with autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Jun;66(6):583-90. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.30.
PubMed 19487623
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 10 Mar 2017. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Citalopram Treatment in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and High Levels of Repetitive Behavior
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00086645
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- U54MH066398
- Conditions
- Autistic Disorder
- Keywords
- Autism, Asperger Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, PDD, Rituals, Compulsions, Stereotypy, Routines
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 149 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Boston UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- Study start
- Apr 2004
- Primary completion
- Oct 2006 (actual)
- Study completion
- Apr 2007 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Jul 2004 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study will determine the efficacy and safety of citalopram compared to placebo in the treatment of children with autism.
Detailed description
For children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD, also known as Pervasive Developmental Disorders - PDDs), repetitive behaviors are common and frequently interfere with functioning in the home as well as in social and educational settings. These behaviors may involve repetitive movements, rigid routines, repetitive play, and even repetitive speech. These behaviors may be associated with high levels of anxiety, severe tantrums. Self-injury can occur when these behaviors and routines are interrupted.
Participants will be randomly assigned to receive citalopram or placebo (administered as liquid), and carefully followed every two weeks. At the end of 12 weeks, children who have responded to treatment will be given the opportunity to continue in the study, with monthly visits, for an additional 24 weeks. Children who received placebo and did not respond to treatment at 12 weeks will be given the opportunity to receive a carefully monitored 12 week course of citalopram.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| citalopram hydrobromide | Experimental | Drug: citalopram hydrobromidecitalopram hydrobromide, up to 20 mg daily |
| placebo | Placebo comparator | Other: placeboplacebo, up to equivalent of 20 mg of active comparator daily |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 5 to 17 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Able to walk
- Diagnosis of Autistic Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, or PDD-NOS
- Have a score greater than or equal to (>) 8 on the sum of items 1A, 2, 3 and 5 of the Compulsions Subscale of the Revised CYBOCS.
- Have a rating of at least moderate behavioral disturbance based on the modified Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness score (CGI-S) at the time of screening (See description below).
- Be free of psychotropic medication for at least one month for fluoxetine, two weeks for other SSRIs and neuroleptics, and for 5 days for stimulants prior to baseline ratings.
Key exclusion criteria (13 listed)
- Medical contraindications to therapy with SSRIs
- Prior exposure to citalopram (or escitalopram) of sufficient dose or duration to determine response status
- History of treatment failure to a clinically adequate trial of two select SSRIs
- Diagnosis of Rett's Disorder or Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
- Uncontrolled epilepsy, with a seizure within past 6 months
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| citalopram hydrobromideAlso: celexa10mg/5ml solution | Drug | citalopram hydrobromide |
| placeboup to equivalent of 20 mg of active comparator daily | Other | placebo |
Primary outcome
Clinical Global Improvement
Time frame: Week 12
9 secondary outcomes
Safety Monitoring Uniform Research Form (SMURF)
Time frame: post-baseline through week 12
Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CYBOCS)
Time frame: Week 12
Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R)
Time frame: Week 12
Parent Chief Complaint
Time frame: Weeks 6 and 12
Aberrant Behavior Checklist
Time frame: Week 12
Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory: Anxiety and Depression scales
Time frame: Week 12
Behavioral Activation
Time frame: post-baseline through Week 12
Caregiver Strain Questionnaire
Time frame: Week 12
Vineland
Time frame: Week 12
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 10 Mar 2017.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 37811711Iffland M, Livingstone N, Jorgensen M, Hazell P, Gillies D. Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self-injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Oct 9;10(10):CD011769. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011769.pub2.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 24061784King BH, Dukes K, Donnelly CL, Sikich L, McCracken JT, Scahill L, Hollander E, Bregman JD, Anagnostou E, Robinson F, Sullivan L, Hirtz D. Baseline factors predicting placebo response to treatment in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: a multisite randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Nov;167(11):1045-52. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2698.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 19487623King BH, Hollander E, Sikich L, McCracken JT, Scahill L, Bregman JD, Donnelly CL, Anagnostou E, Dukes K, Sullivan L, Hirtz D, Wagner A, Ritz L; STAART Psychopharmacology Network. Lack of efficacy of citalopram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior: citalopram ineffective in children with autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Jun;66(6):583-90. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.30.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Bryan King, MD study chair
University of Washington
6 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing citalopram hydrobromide in people with Autistic Disorder, run by Boston University at 6 sites in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 13 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 10 Mar 2017. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 6 sites in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Clinical Global Improvement (time frame: Week 12). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00086645, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 10 Mar 2017.