HIV InfectionsPhase 1/2NCT00055107
Nitazoxanide for the Treatment of Chronic Diarrhea in HIV Infected Children
A Phase 1/2 study testing Nitazoxanide in people with HIV Infections and Cryptosporidiosis, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 2 sites in 2 countries.
Trial summary
Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is a parasite that can cause chronic diarrhea and is a significant problem for HIV infected children in developing countries. C. parvum infection can be treated with the drug nitazoxanide (NTZ). However, NTZ has not been tested in HIV infected children. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 3 months to 19 years
- Conditions the study is for
- HIV Infections, Cryptosporidiosis
- What is being tested?
- Nitazoxanide
- How many people
- 6 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesin 2 countries
- Study dates
- Start not givento May 2006
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 3 months to 19 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- HIV infected
- Chronic diarrhea with 3 or more bowel movements per day for at least 5 days in the 2 weeks prior to study entry OR 2 or more bowel movements per day for at least 5 days in the 2 weeks prior to study entry if accompanied by dehydration
- Documented presence of C. parvum oocysts in stool
- Weight of 4.0 kg (8.8 lbs) or more AND less than or equal to the maximum weight for age group as specified in the study protocol
- Parent or guardian willing to provide informed consent, if applicable
- Willing to use acceptable forms of contraception
Who cannot join
- Inability to take liquid or tablet form of medication
- Serum transaminase (ALT) and bilirubin greater than or equal to 5 times the upper limit of normal at study screening
- Active M. avium intracellulare or cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis
- Active cancer
- Certain medications
- Pregnant or breastfeeding
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 2 countries.
2 sites in 2 countries
About this study
Official title: A Phase I/II Open Label Study of Nitazoxanide (NTZ) for the Treatment of Cryptosporidium Parvum in HIV Infected Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is a parasite that can cause chronic diarrhea and is a significant problem for HIV infected children in developing countries. C. parvum infection can be treated with the drug nitazoxanide (NTZ). However, NTZ has not been tested in HIV infected children. The purpose of this study is to test the safety of NTZ in HIV infected children who have chronic diarrhea caused by C. parvum.
Study hypothesis: Twice-daily NTZ is safe and well tolerated in HIV infected infants, children, and adolescents with chronic diarrhea caused by C. parvum infection.
Read the detailed description
- parvum is a significant opportunistic infection in much of the developing world, where children may not have access to highly active antiretroviral therapy. There is currently no established therapy for chronic cryptosporidiosis in HIV infected children. The FDA has approved NTZ for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis diarrhea; however, there are no data on the safety and effectiveness of NTZ in HIV infected children. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of different doses of NTZ in HIV infected children with chronic diarrhea caused by C. parvum.
In Step 1, participants will receive one of four different doses of NTZ. Participants will take NTZ twice a day for 56 days in either a liquid or pill form. All participants will be closely monitored for drug toxicity. There will be seven study visits; they will occur at study entry, Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8, and Day 70. Study visits will include a physical exam and blood, urine, and stool collection. Pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling will be performed during four of the study visits. PK sampling requires the participants to take their morning NTZ doses while in the clinic; participants will undergo additional blood collection either before or after taking NTZ. At the end of the 56-day study period, participants who are experiencing a positive clinical benefit from NTZ and who have had no harmful side effects may choose to continue taking NTZ for an additional 24 weeks and enter Step 2. Participants who do not continue taking NTZ after Day 56 will be followed for 2 additional weeks.
- Conditions
- HIV Infections, Cryptosporidiosis
- Being tested
- Nitazoxanide
- Keywords
- Nitazoxanide, Antiprotozoal Agents, Cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium parvum, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Pharmacokinetics, Drug Adminstration Schedule
- Medical subject headings
- HIV Infections, Cryptosporidiosis, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
NitazoxanideDrug
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Safety as evaluated by Grade 4 or new Grade 3 adverse reactions before Day 56 that cannot be directly attributed to another cause and are considered treatment limiting
area under the curve (AUC) of orally administered NTZ
Secondary outcomes (1)
Safety as evaluated by Grade 4 or new Grade 3 adverse reactions during longer-term follow-up (six months after Day 56 under Step I) that cannot be directly attributed to another cause and are considered treatment limiting
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Feb 2003 (estimated)
- Study completionMay 2006
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HIV InfectionsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)The sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 6 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Sponsor type
- US National Institutes of Health
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Myron Levin, MD, Study chair, Health Sciences Center, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00055107
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PACTG 369
- Other IDs
- 10033
- Status last verified
- Oct 2021
- First submitted
- 19 Feb 2003
- Last updated
- 1 Nov 2021
- Results posted
- No
Publications
Armson A, Thompson RC, Reynoldson JA. A review of chemotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of cryptosporidiosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2003 Aug;1(2):297-305. doi: 10.1586/14787210.1.2.297.
PubMed 15482125Dankner WM, Lindsey JC, Levin MJ; Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol Teams 051, 128, 138, 144, 152, 179, 190, 220, 240, 245, 254, 300 and 327. Correlates of opportunistic infections in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus managed before highly active antiretroviral therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001 Jan;20(1):40-8. doi: 10.1097/00006454-200101000-00008.
PubMed 11176565Guarino A, Bruzzese E, De Marco G, Buccigrossi V. Management of gastrointestinal disorders in children with HIV infection. Paediatr Drugs. 2004;6(6):347-62. doi: 10.2165/00148581-200406060-00003.
PubMed 15612836Smith HV, Corcoran GD. New drugs and treatment for cryptosporidiosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004 Dec;17(6):557-64. doi: 10.1097/00001432-200412000-00008.
PubMed 15640710
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 1 Nov 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase I/II Open Label Study of Nitazoxanide (NTZ) for the Treatment of Cryptosporidium Parvum in HIV Infected Infants, Children, and Adolescents
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT00055107
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PACTG 369
- Conditions
- HIV Infections, Cryptosporidiosis
- Keywords
- Nitazoxanide, Antiprotozoal Agents, Cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium parvum, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Pharmacokinetics, Drug Adminstration Schedule
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 6 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)US National Institutes of Health
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Study completion
- May 2006 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Feb 2003 (estimated)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is a parasite that can cause chronic diarrhea and is a significant problem for HIV infected children in developing countries. C. parvum infection can be treated with the drug nitazoxanide (NTZ). However, NTZ has not been tested in HIV infected children. The purpose of this study is to test the safety of NTZ in HIV infected children who have chronic diarrhea caused by C. parvum.
Study hypothesis: Twice-daily NTZ is safe and well tolerated in HIV infected infants, children, and adolescents with chronic diarrhea caused by C. parvum infection.
Detailed description
- parvum is a significant opportunistic infection in much of the developing world, where children may not have access to highly active antiretroviral therapy. There is currently no established therapy for chronic cryptosporidiosis in HIV infected children. The FDA has approved NTZ for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis diarrhea; however, there are no data on the safety and effectiveness of NTZ in HIV infected children. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of different doses of NTZ in HIV infected children with chronic diarrhea caused by C. parvum.
In Step 1, participants will receive one of four different doses of NTZ. Participants will take NTZ twice a day for 56 days in either a liquid or pill form. All participants will be closely monitored for drug toxicity. There will be seven study visits; they will occur at study entry, Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8, and Day 70. Study visits will include a physical exam and blood, urine, and stool collection. Pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling will be performed during four of the study visits. PK sampling requires the participants to take their morning NTZ doses while in the clinic; participants will undergo additional blood collection either before or after taking NTZ. At the end of the 56-day study period, participants who are experiencing a positive clinical benefit from NTZ and who have had no harmful side effects may choose to continue taking NTZ for an additional 24 weeks and enter Step 2. Participants who do not continue taking NTZ after Day 56 will be followed for 2 additional weeks.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 3 months to 19 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- HIV infected
- Chronic diarrhea with 3 or more bowel movements per day for at least 5 days in the 2 weeks prior to study entry OR 2 or more bowel movements per day for at least 5 days in the 2 weeks prior to study entry if accompanied by dehydration
- Documented presence of C. parvum oocysts in stool
- Weight of 4.0 kg (8.8 lbs) or more AND less than or equal to the maximum weight for age group as specified in the study protocol
- Parent or guardian willing to provide informed consent, if applicable
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Inability to take liquid or tablet form of medication
- Serum transaminase (ALT) and bilirubin greater than or equal to 5 times the upper limit of normal at study screening
- Active M. avium intracellulare or cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis
- Active cancer
- Certain medications
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Nitazoxanide | Drug | – |
Primary outcome
Safety as evaluated by Grade 4 or new Grade 3 adverse reactions before Day 56 that cannot be directly attributed to another cause and are considered treatment limiting
area under the curve (AUC) of orally administered NTZ
1 secondary outcome
Safety as evaluated by Grade 4 or new Grade 3 adverse reactions during longer-term follow-up (six months after Day 56 under Step I) that cannot be directly attributed to another cause and are considered treatment limiting
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 1 Nov 2021.
- Background: PubMed 15482125Armson A, Thompson RC, Reynoldson JA. A review of chemotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of cryptosporidiosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2003 Aug;1(2):297-305. doi: 10.1586/14787210.1.2.297.
- Background: PubMed 11176565Dankner WM, Lindsey JC, Levin MJ; Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol Teams 051, 128, 138, 144, 152, 179, 190, 220, 240, 245, 254, 300 and 327. Correlates of opportunistic infections in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus managed before highly active antiretroviral therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001 Jan;20(1):40-8. doi: 10.1097/00006454-200101000-00008.
- Background: PubMed 15612836Guarino A, Bruzzese E, De Marco G, Buccigrossi V. Management of gastrointestinal disorders in children with HIV infection. Paediatr Drugs. 2004;6(6):347-62. doi: 10.2165/00148581-200406060-00003.
- Background: PubMed 15640710Smith HV, Corcoran GD. New drugs and treatment for cryptosporidiosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004 Dec;17(6):557-64. doi: 10.1097/00001432-200412000-00008.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Myron Levin, MD study chair
Health Sciences Center, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado
2 sites in 2 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1/2 study testing Nitazoxanide in people with HIV Infections and Cryptosporidiosis, run by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at 2 sites in 2 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 1 Nov 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in South Africa, Thailand. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Safety as evaluated by Grade 4 or new Grade 3 adverse reactions before Day 56 that cannot be directly attributed to another cause and are considered treatment limiting. The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00055107, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 1 Nov 2021.