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AzTrials

LeukemiaPhase 3NCT00002757

TITLE:Less Intensive Therapy for Children With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

A Phase 3 study testing filgrastim, cyclophosphamide and cytarabine in people with Leukemia and Lymphoma, run by Children's Oncology Group at 2 sites in 2 countries.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

RATIONALE: Less intensive therapy may attain in the same results as intensive therapy in children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to study the effectiveness of less intensive therapy for children who have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages Up to 20 years
Conditions the study is for
Leukemia, Lymphoma
What is being tested?
filgrastim, cyclophosphamide and cytarabine
Type of treatment
Injection or infusion
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
1,148 participants
Where
2 sitesin 2 countries
Study dates
Jun 2001to Oct 2009
Phase
Phase 3
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages Up to 20 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Child, Adult

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

  • One of the following diagnoses:
  • Newly diagnosed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) categories II 9, 10, and 11, i.e.:
  • Diffuse large cell
  • Burkitt's
  • High-grade B-cell, Burkitt's-like
  • L3 leukemia with greater than 5% blasts in bone marrow
  • No anaplastic large cell Ki1-positive lymphomas
  • Immunophenotype and Murphy stage required prior to randomization

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age:

  • Over 6 months to under 21 years
  • Maximum age 18 years in France and the United Kingdom

Other:

  • No congenital immunodeficiency
  • No prior organ transplantation
  • No prior malignancy
  • Not HIV positive
  • Available for at least 36 months of follow-up

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Biologic therapy:

  • Not specified

Chemotherapy:

  • No prior chemotherapy

Endocrine therapy:

  • Steroids initiated no more than 72 hours prior to entry allowed
  • Bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid examination required prior to steroids

Radiotherapy:

  • Emergency radiotherapy initiated no more than 72 hours prior to entry allowed

Surgery:

  • Not specified

Trial locations and contacts

2 sites in 2 countries.

2 sites in 2 countries

France1 site

  • Institut Gustave Roussy

    Villejuif, F-94805

Other trials in France

United Kingdom1 site

  • Children's Hospital - Sheffield

    Sheffield, England, S10 2TH

Other trials in United Kingdom

About this study

Official title: FAB LMB 96 -- Treatment of Mature B-CELL Lymphoma/Leukemia: A SFOP LMB 96/CCG 5961/UKCCSG NHL 9600 Cooperative Study

RATIONALE: Less intensive therapy may attain in the same results as intensive therapy in children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to study the effectiveness of less intensive therapy for children who have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Read the detailed description

OBJECTIVES:

  • Confirm the previously found excellent survival for low-risk patients (Group A) with B-cell lymphoma/leukemia treated with the LMB 89 regimen.
  • Verify that good event-free survival is retained in intermediate-risk patients (Group B) when the dose of cyclophosphamide (CTX) or the number of CTX-containing regimens is reduced.
  • Verify that good event-free survival is retained in high-risk patients (Group C) despite reduction in doses during consolidation therapy and a reduced number of maintenance courses, and, for patients with CNS involvement, additional intravenous and intrathecal methotrexate in place of cranial irradiation.
  • Monitor survival and event-free survival of all patients registered prior to the first chemotherapy course.
  • Compare the survival and event-free survival of Group C patients with CNS involvement against results from those treated on the LMB 89 study.
  • Compare event-free survival and survival of patients with large cell and Burkitt's and Burkitt's-like lymphoma.
  • Monitor the long-term toxicity in patients treated on this study, including fertility, cardiotoxicity, and secondary malignancy.
  • Characterize further the biology of childhood small non-cleaved cell lymphoma with respect to drug resistance (i.e., topoisomerase II and MDR activity), viral association (i.e., Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human herpesvirus 6), and specific breakpoint translocations (i.e., IgH and C-myc) per companion study CCG-B944.
  • Characterize further the biology of childhood mature B-cell lymphoma per UKCCSG studies.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized study. Patients are stratified according to participating group (UKCCSG vs SFOP vs CCG), histology (large cell vs small non-cleaved cell), risk group (Group A vs Group B vs Group C). Stage III Group B patients are further stratified according to Murphy stage (stages I/II vs III vs III/IV) and by LDH (less than twice normal vs twice normal or higher). Group C patients are further stratified based on presence of CNS disease (yes vs no).

Patients with resected stage I and resected abdominal-only stage II disease are treated on the Group A Regimen. Patients with unresected stage I/II, stage III, or CNS-negative stage IV disease with fewer than 25% blasts in bone marrow are treated on the Group B Regimen. Patients with 25% or more blasts in bone marrow or with CNS involvement (i.e., L3 blasts in CSF, cranial nerve palsy, clinical spinal cord compression, isolated intracerebral mass, or parameningeal cranial or spinal extension) are treated on the Group C Regimen.

The following acronyms are used:

  • ARA-C Cytarabine, NSC-63878
  • CF Leucovorin calcium, NSC-3590
  • COP CTX/VCR/PRED (or PRDL)
  • COPAD CTX/VCR/PRED (or PRDL)/DOX
  • COPADM CTX/VCR/PRED (or PRDL)/DOX/MTX
  • CTX Cyclophosphamide, NSC-26271
  • CYM ARA- C/MTX
  • CYVE ARA-C/VP-16
  • DOX Doxorubicin, NSC-123127
  • G-CSF Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (Amgen), NSC-614629
  • HC Hydrocortisone, NSC-10483
  • HD High Dose
  • MTX Methotrexate, NSC-740
  • PRDL Prednisolone, NSC-9900
  • PRED Prednisone, NSC-10023
  • TIT Triple Intrathecal Chemotherapy (IT MTX/IT HC/IT ARA-C)
  • VCR Vincristine, NSC-67574
  • VP-16 Etoposide, NSC-141540

Group A Regimen (Low-Risk Patients)

  • Induction: Patients receive COPAD: VCR IV on days 1 and 6, oral PRED (or IV) twice daily on days 1-5, then tapered over 3 days, CTX IV over 15 minutes every 12 hours on days 1-3, and DOX IV over 6 hours on day 1 starting after the first CTX dose. G-CSF SC is administered until hematopoietic recovery beginning on day 7. Patients receive a second course beginning on day 21.

Group B Regimen (Intermediate-Risk Patients)

  • Induction 1: Patients receive CTX IV over 15 minutes on day 1, VCR IV on day 1, and oral PRED on days 1-7, and MTX IT and HC IT on day 1. Patients with responding disease proceed with COPADM. Patients with no response proceed to treatment on arm I of the Group C Regimen.
  • COPADM 1: Patients receive VCR IV on day 8, oral PRED twice daily on days 8-12, then tapered over 3 days, MTX IV over 3 hours on day 8, oral CF every 6 hours for 12 doses beginning 24 hours after start of MTX, CTX IV over 15 minutes every 12 hours on days 9-11, and DOX IV over 6 hours on day 9 beginning after the first CTX dose. G-CSF is administered as in the Group A Regimen. MTX IT and HC IT are given on days 9 and 13.
  • Group B patients are randomized to 1 of 4 treatments following recovery and disease assessment:

Arm I:

  • Induction 2 (begins no sooner than 16 days after start of COPADM 1): Patients receive COPADM 2 according to the same schedule as in COPADM 1 in Induction 1 except CTX is increased. G-CSF is administered as in the Group A Regimen. Patients receive MTX IT and HC IT on days 2 and 6.
  • Consolidation: Patients receive CYM: MTX IV over 3 hours on day 1, oral CF every 6 hours for a maximum of 12 doses beginning 24 hours after the start of MTX, and ARA-C IV over 24 hours on days 2-6. Patients receive TIT: MTX IT on day 2, HC IT on days 2 and 7, and ARA-C IT on day 7.
  • Response is assessed upon recovery with resection of residual masses. If histology is negative patients proceed to a second course of CYM. If histology is positive patients proceed to CYVE on arm I of the Group C Regimen.
  • Maintenance: Patients receive COPADM 3 as in COPADM 1 in Induction 1, except CTX IV is administered over 30 minutes on days 2 and 3, and MTX IT and HC IT are administered on day 2.

Arm II:

  • Induction 2: Patients receive COPADM 2 as in arm I of the Group B Regimen. G-CSF is administered as in the Group A Regimen. MTX IT and HC IT are administered as in Induction 1.
  • Consolidation: Patients receive CYM, TIT, and response assessment as in arm I of the Group B Regimen.
  • Maintenance: Patients receive no maintenance therapy.

Arm III:

  • Induction 2: Patients receive COPADM 2 as in COPADM 1 in Induction 1. G-CSF is administered as in the Group A Regimen. Patients receive MTX IT and HC IT as in Induction 1.
  • Consolidation: Patients receive CYM, TIT, and response assessment as in arm I of the Group B Regimen.
  • Maintenance: Patients receive COPADM 3 as in arm I of the Group B Regimen. Patients receive MTX IT and HC IT on day 2.

Arm IV:

  • Induction 2: Patients receive COPADM 2 as in COPADM 1 in Induction 1. G-CSF is administered as in the Group A Regimen. Patients receive MTX IT and HC IT as in Induction 1.
  • Consolidation: Patients receive CYM, TIT, and response assessment as in arm I of the Group B Regimen.
  • Maintenance: Patients receive no maintenance therapy.

Group C Regimen (High-Risk Patients)

  • Induction: Patients receive COP as in Induction 1 of the Group B Regimen, TIT on days 1, 3, and 5, and oral CF every 12 hours on days 2 and 4. Tumor response is evaluated on day 7 and treatment decisions are made as in Induction 1 of the Group B Regimen. Patients receive COPADM 1 as in COPADM 1 in Induction 1 of the Group B Regimen except HD MTX IV is given over 4 hours on day 1. G-CSF is administered as in the Group A Regimen. TIT is given on days 2, 4, and 6. Patients receive COPADM 2 as in COPADM 2 in arm I of the Group B Regimen, Induction 2 except HD MTX IV is given over 4 hours on day 1. G-CSF is administered as in the Group A Regimen. Patients receive TIT on days 2, 4, and 6.
  • Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms upon recovery and disease assessment:

Arm I:

  • Consolidation: Patients receive CYVE: ARA-C IV on days 1-5, and VP-16 IV over 2 hours on days 2-5. G-CSF is administered as in the Group A Regimen. For patients with CNS disease: MTX IT and HC IT on day 1, 6 hours prior to initiation of ARA-C, HD MTX IV over 4 hours, about day 18, oral CF every 6 hours for a maximum of 12 doses, beginning 24 hours after starting MTX, and TIT prior to beginning CF.
  • Response is assessed upon recovery with resection of residual masses. Patients with a complete response receive a second course of CYVE (no HD MTX/CF), beginning 1 week after HD MTX.
  • Maintenance (28 days between courses):
  • Course 1: Patients receive COPADM as in arm I Maintenance in the Group B Regimen, except HD MTX is administered as in Group C Induction, and TIT is given on day 2 replacing MTX IT and HC.
  • Course 2: Patients receive CYVE: ARA-C IV every 12 hours on days 1-5, and VP-16 IV over 90 minutes on days 1-3.
  • Course 3: Patients receive COPAD as in Group B Induction 1, except CTX IV is administered over 30 minutes on days 1 and 2.
  • Course 4: Patients receive treatment identical to Course 2.

Arm II:

  • Consolidation: Patients receive Mini-CYVE: ARA-C IV on days 1-5, and VP-16 IV over 1 hour on days 2-5. G-CSF is administered as in the Group A Regimen. For patients with CNS disease: MTX IT and HC IT as in arm I in the Group C Regimen, and HD MTX, CF, and TIT as in arm I in the Group C Regimen.
  • Response is assessed upon recovery with resection of residual masses. Patients with a complete response receive a second course of CYVE (no HD MTX and CF) beginning 1 week after HD MTX.
  • Maintenance: Patients receive COPADM and TIT as in arm I of the Group C Regimen in Course 1 for 1 course only.

Patients are followed every 3 months for 6 months, every 6 months for 2.5 years, and then annually thereafter.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 900 patients will be accrued for this study within 5 years. Yearly accrual is expected to be 20 Group A patients, 115 Group B patients, and 45 Group C patients.

Conditions
Leukemia, Lymphoma
Keywords
childhood Burkitt lymphoma, untreated childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, L3 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, stage I childhood small noncleaved cell lymphoma, stage I childhood large cell lymphoma, stage II childhood small noncleaved cell lymphoma, stage II childhood large cell lymphoma, stage III childhood small noncleaved cell lymphoma, stage III childhood large cell lymphoma, stage IV childhood small noncleaved cell lymphoma, stage IV childhood large cell lymphoma
Medical subject headings
Leukemia, Lymphoma, Burkitt Lymphoma, Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

Study groups in NCT00002757
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Group AActive comparatorAll resected stage I and Abdominal stage II only. All Group A patients will be treated with two cycles of COPAD and will be followed in a confirmatory study of the current result of nearly 100% cure rate.
Receives: Biological: filgrastim; Drug: cyclophosphamide; Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride; Drug: prednisone; Drug: vincristine sulfate
Group BActive comparatorNon resected stage I \& II, stage III \& st IV (CNS - ve, BM < 25%). Patients with bulky disease are at risk from metabolic complications secondary to tumor lysis syndrome. Vigorous measures should be taken to minimise the risk of this. Prior to any chemotherapy being administered intravenous hydration fluids should be given run at a rate of 3000 mls/m2/day. Alkalinisation may be necessary Pay close attention to fluid balance and continue hydration fluids after the administration of COP for as long as the risk of tumour lysis persists.
Receives: Biological: filgrastim; Drug: cyclophosphamide; Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride; Drug: methotrexate; Drug: prednisolone; Drug: prednisone; Drug: therapeutic hydrocortisone; Drug: vincristine sulfate
Group CActive comparatorBone marrow > 25% but CNS negative Patients with bulky disease are at risk from metabolic complications secondary to tumor lysis syndrome. Vigorous measures should be taken to minimize the risk of this. Intravenous hydration fluids should be given prior to chemotherapy. Alkalinisation may be necessary. Monitor fluid balance and continue hydration fluids after the administration of COP for as long as the risk of tumor lysis persists
Receives: Biological: filgrastim; Drug: cyclophosphamide; Drug: cytarabine; Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride; Drug: etoposide; Drug: methotrexate; Drug: prednisolone; Drug: therapeutic hydrocortisone; Drug: vincristine sulfate

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Event Free Survival

    Minimum time to death from any cause, relapse, or progressive disease, measured from the beginning of chemotherapy. Failure to respond to initial COP therapy, and biopsy positive residual disease at the third evaluation are not considered failures in this definition. However, death, relapse or disease progression following protocol mandated therapy intensification after these occurrences will be considered failures. In addition, biopsy positive residual disease at the completion of intensification is considered an event.

Secondary outcomes (2)

  1. Conditional Survival

    Time to death from any cause, measured from the time of randomization in Groups B and C.

  2. Failure Free Survival

    Minimum time to death from any cause, progressive disease before the third evaluation, no CR at the third evaluation, relapse after the third evaluation, measured from the beginning of chemotherapy. Failure to respond to COP therapy in Groups B and C is not considered a treatment failure, but biopsy positive residual disease after the third evaluation are considered failures in this definition.

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted27 Jan 2003 (estimated)
  2. Study startJun 2001
  3. Primary completionOct 2003
  4. Study completionOct 2009

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Enrolment
1,148 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT00002757
Sponsor's protocol ID
5961
Other IDs
COG-C5961, CCG-5961, SFOP-LMB-96, CCLG-NHL-9600, EU-96048, CDR0000064702
Status last verified
Jul 2014
First submitted
1 Nov 1999
Last updated
24 Jul 2014
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes

Publications

  • Lones MA, Raphael M, Perkins SL, Wotherspoon A, Auperin A, Terrier-Lacombe MJ, Sposto R, Weston C, Gerrard M, Patte C, Cairo MS, McCarthy K. Mature B-cell lymphoma in children and adolescents: International group pathologist consensus correlates with histology technical quality. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006 Sep;28(9):568-74. doi: 10.1097/01.mph.0000212980.67114.a5.

    PubMed 17006262

  • Cairo MS, Sposto R, Gerrard M, Auperin A, Goldman SC, Harrison L, Pinkerton R, Raphael M, McCarthy K, Perkins SL, Patte C. Advanced stage, increased lactate dehydrogenase, and primary site, but not adolescent age (>/= 15 years), are associated with an increased risk of treatment failure in children and adolescents with mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of the FAB LMB 96 study. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Feb 1;30(4):387-93. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.33.3369. Epub 2012 Jan 3.

    PubMed 22215753

  • Shiramizu B, Goldman S, Kusao I, Agsalda M, Lynch J, Smith L, Harrison L, Morris E, Gross TG, Sanger W, Perkins S, Cairo MS. Minimal disease assessment in the treatment of children and adolescents with intermediate-risk (Stage III/IV) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a children's oncology group report. Br J Haematol. 2011 Jun;153(6):758-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08681.x. Epub 2011 Apr 18.

    PubMed 21496005

  • Nelson M, Perkins SL, Dave BJ, Coccia PF, Bridge JA, Lyden ER, Heerema NA, Lones MA, Harrison L, Cairo MS, Sanger WG. An increased frequency of 13q deletions detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and its impact on survival in children and adolescents with Burkitt lymphoma: results from the Children's Oncology Group study CCG-5961. Br J Haematol. 2010 Feb;148(4):600-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07967.x. Epub 2009 Nov 4.

    PubMed 19895612

  • Poirel HA, Cairo MS, Heerema NA, Swansbury J, Auperin A, Launay E, Sanger WG, Talley P, Perkins SL, Raphael M, McCarthy K, Sposto R, Gerrard M, Bernheim A, Patte C; FAB/LMB 96 International Study Committee. Specific cytogenetic abnormalities are associated with a significantly inferior outcome in children and adolescents with mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of the FAB/LMB 96 international study. Leukemia. 2009 Feb;23(2):323-31. doi: 10.1038/leu.2008.312. Epub 2008 Nov 20.

    PubMed 19020548

  • Gerrard M, Cairo MS, Weston C, Auperin A, Pinkerton R, Lambilliote A, Sposto R, McCarthy K, Lacombe MJ, Perkins SL, Patte C; FAB LMB96 International Study Committee. Excellent survival following two courses of COPAD chemotherapy in children and adolescents with resected localized B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of the FAB/LMB 96 international study. Br J Haematol. 2008 Jun;141(6):840-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07144.x. Epub 2008 Mar 26.

    PubMed 18371107

  • Miles RR, Raphael M, McCarthy K, Wotherspoon A, Lones MA, Terrier-Lacombe MJ, Patte C, Gerrard M, Auperin A, Sposto R, Davenport V, Cairo MS, Perkins SL; SFOP/LMB96/CCG5961/UKCCSG/NHL 9600 Study Group. Pediatric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma demonstrates a high proliferation index, frequent c-Myc protein expression, and a high incidence of germinal center subtype: Report of the French-American-British (FAB) international study group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Sep;51(3):369-74. doi: 10.1002/pbc.21619.

    PubMed 18493992

  • Cairo MS, Gerrard M, Sposto R, Auperin A, Pinkerton CR, Michon J, Weston C, Perkins SL, Raphael M, McCarthy K, Patte C; FAB LMB96 International Study Committee. Results of a randomized international study of high-risk central nervous system B non-Hodgkin lymphoma and B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents. Blood. 2007 Apr 1;109(7):2736-43. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-036665.

    PubMed 17138821

  • Patte C, Auperin A, Gerrard M, Michon J, Pinkerton R, Sposto R, Weston C, Raphael M, Perkins SL, McCarthy K, Cairo MS; FAB/LMB96 International Study Committee. Results of the randomized international FAB/LMB96 trial for intermediate risk B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: it is possible to reduce treatment for the early responding patients. Blood. 2007 Apr 1;109(7):2773-80. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-036673.

    PubMed 17132719

  • Goldman S, Gerrard M, Sposto R, et al.: Excellent results in children and adolescents with isolated mature B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) (Burkitt): report from the French-American-British (FAB) international LMB study FAB/LMB96. [Abstract] Blood 106 (11): A-234, 2005.

  • Poirel HA, Heerema NA, Swansbury J, et al.: In pediatric mature B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), complex karyotype or del(13q) are linked prognostic factors in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) while 8q24/c-myc rearrangement is associated with a strong adverse effect in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). [Abstract] Blood 106 (11): A-1905, 2005.

  • Lones M, Perkins S, Sposto R, et al.: T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphoma (TCRLBCL) in children and adolescents treated on a B-large cell lymphoma trial: a report from the Children's Cancer Group (CCG) study CCG-5961. [Abstract] Ann Oncol 13(suppl 2): A-137, 45, 2002.

  • Perkins S, Lones M, Sposto R, et al.: B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children and adolescents: central phenotype results from Children's Cancer Group (CCG) study CCG-5961 and implications for future targeted bio-immune therapy (TBIT). [Abstract] Ann Oncol 13(suppl 2): A-136, 45, 2002.

  • Sanger W, Lones M, Perkins S, et al.: Chromosome abnormalities in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of children and adolescents: a report from Children's Cancer Group (CCG)study CCG-5961. [Abstract] Ann Oncol 13(suppl 2): A-138, 45, 2002.

  • Perkins SL, Lones MA, Cairo MS, et al.: B-cell lymphoma/leukemia in children and adolescents: central phenotype results from Children's Cancer Group study (CCG)-5961 and implications for future Targeted Bio-Immune Therapy (TBIT). [Abstract] Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 20: A-1520, 2001.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A Phase 3 study testing filgrastim, cyclophosphamide and cytarabine in people with Leukemia and Lymphoma, run by Children's Oncology Group at 2 sites in 2 countries.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Jul 2014. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 2 sites in France, United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

What does this phase mean?

Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.

Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Event Free Survival. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT00002757, which also lists 16 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Jul 2014.

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